Shijiazhuang City Science and Technology History

Chapter One: Weaving and Weaving

Shijiazhuang’s traditional hand-made weaving has a long history, but the modern machine textile industry started after the end of the First World War. In 1922, the largest national industry in Shijiazhuang City-Daxing Spinning Factory (now the No. 7 Cotton Mill in Shijiazhuang) was completed and put into operation, with 20,000 US yarn machines and 1,000 kilowatt turbine generators installed, creating a modern machine spinning in the city. History. By 1932, the factory had 500 cloth machines, 30,000 spindles, 8 carpet weaving machines and some bleaching and dyeing equipment, and it had developed into a large modern textile enterprise with complete textile dyeing equipment. Since then, some small ethnic textile factories have been built. In 1951, a local state-owned Shijiazhuang Textile General Factory (now the No. 6 Cotton Textile Factory in Shijiazhuang) was established by the provincial industrial department. Shijiazhuang Knitting Factory was built and put into production in 1952. From 1953 to 1957, the state invested in Shijiazhuang City to build the first, second, third, fourth and public-private joint Huaxin Cotton Textile Factory (now Shijiazhuang No. 5 Cotton Textile Factory) and 5 large-scale cotton textile factories. The yarn factory and Shijiazhuang Textile General Factory have been expanded and technologically transformed. From the late 1950s to the mid-1960s, the Shijiazhuang No. 1 Printing and Dyeing Factory, the City Textile Machinery Factory, the Textile Equipment Factory, the Socks Factory and the Thread Factory were successively built and put into operation; in 1965, the City No. 3 Chemical Factory (now the city’s polyester factory) began to produce polyester staple Fiber, the city presents a new situation of comprehensive development of textile, printing and dyeing, machinery, and chemical fiber. From the late 1960s to the mid 1970s, the Shijiazhuang Textile Warp Knitting Factory was relocated, and a vinylon factory with an annual production capacity of 5,000 tons was built; the original Hongqi Textile Factory and Qiaodong Weaving and Dyeing Factory were transformed into the second printing and dyeing factory of the city. The third printing and dyeing factory. After the end of the 1970s, they were successively converted into Shijiazhuang Chemical Fiber Fabric Factory, Fourth Printing and Dyeing Factory, Tourist Cloth Printing and Dyeing Factory, Second Warp Knitting Factory and Silk Factory. To develop woolen spinning, woolen and worsted woolen factories were built. By the end of 1985, the city's textile industry had 60 enterprises with 80,000 employees, including 21 enterprises with more than 1,000 employees. Diene, 578,000 spindles, 16,800 cloth machines, and an annual printing and dyeing capacity of 250 million meters. It has developed from chemical fiber production to weaving, printing and dyeing, finishing, knitting, copying, yarn-dyed, wool spinning, linen, and warp knitting. , Weft knitting, silk, linen spinning, artificial fur, blankets, textile machinery, textile equipment and other categories are complete and comprehensive, independent and relatively complete textile industry system. Textile products have also developed from a single pure cotton product to polyester, acrylic, nylon, polypropylene, silk, linen, wool and blended products; from grey cloth to bleaching, dyeing, printing and various finishing, deep processing and clothing development; from simple The development of warp and weft textile products to yarn-dyed, jacquard warp knitting, weft knitting, non-woven fabrics, electrostatic flocking and other products; from the development of pure clothing decorative fabrics and industrial fabrics, combed high-density fabrics, coarse Thick fabrics, velvet fabrics, thin fabrics, yarn-dyed, woven, knitted, etc., as well as special processed or finished products. There were nearly 1,000 product varieties and 10,000 designs and colors throughout the year. Among them, more than 170 products have been rated as high-quality products above the provincial level, and have won 1 National Gold Award and 12 Silver Awards. In addition to being sold to all over the world, the products are also exported to more than 50 countries and regions. Shijiazhuang has developed into one of the important textile bases in the country.

The first section: cotton, spinning, weaving

1. Technical transformation and equipment renewal

In the 1950s, the city’s cotton textile industry promoted the Hao Jianxiu work method and the May 1st weaving work method in the operation methods; promoted the five-three preservation work method in the equipment maintenance; instrumented the raw cotton in the cleaning process to improve the uniformity of the cotton roll Control noil and improve the efficiency of impurity removal; improve noil and compress sliver in the carding process; promote light pulp in the cloth field, and the award rate of the weaving shaft has been reduced from 20% to less than 10%, saving a lot of grain while controlling Reward yarn tension to reduce yarn breakage rate. The Shijiazhuang Daxing Spinning Factory and the Sixth Cotton Textile Factory, which were established earlier, have modified some equipment to simplify the process flow, reduce the area occupied and improve the product quality.

In the 1960s, the cotton textile industry in the city carried out technological transformations with the main content of improving production capacity and improving the mechanization and automation of production equipment. Diene realized the automatic unwinding of the cotton cleaner, the automatic fall of the award yarn, the three automatic reeds, and the spun yarn. Semi-automatic doffing and automatic pipe swing, automatic knotting of grooves, etc., drawing and roving began to promote large packages and large forming; nitrile aprons, top rollers, leather knots, semi-rigid card clothing were widely used, and compression began Shuttle boards, metal cabinets, etc.; leather parts and wooden parts of special textile materials are gradually replaced by artificial rubber and engineering plastics, and the upper beater loom is transformed into a 1511 loom. In order to meet the needs of export, various cotton textile mills began to increase wide-width cloth machines and combing equipment to improve the quality of their products. In order to fill the gap of yarn-dyed weaving in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang Daxing Textile Factory transformed the cotton weaving factory into a yarn-dyed weaving factory, adding twisting machines, slitting warping machines, dobby and multi-shuttle looms, and building a dyeing workshop. And so on, from the production of single pure cotton products to the development of dyeing and blending fiber products and the production of various yarn-dyed products, which were exported to Cuba.

In the 1970s, the textile industry gradually adapted to the requirements of chemical fiber production and carried out a systematic transformation. The city’s cotton textile industry has added 20 combing machines, including two from Switzerland. The polyester-cotton blended combed products have increased significantly. At the same time, the drawing frame has been updated. The cotton cleaning process is short. The cotton sliver is used for blending, and the spun roving yarn is modified. The quality of polyester-cotton products has been greatly improved. In order to meet the needs of polyester-cotton yarn-dyed fabric production, Shijiazhuang No. 7 Cotton Textile Mill carried out a one-stop technical transformation of chemical fiber in 1973, adding carding needle roller tube opener, A201 combing machine, 1511S-44 o'clock , 1515A-63? Hi Sheng shading machine, G121 and G122 slitting warping machines, and the introduction of British high-temperature and high-pressure yarn dyeing machines; 1974-1975 renewed the reciprocating yarn dyeing machine, oxygen bleaching machine and mercerizing machine , The addition of hank dryers, scouring tanks and other equipment has expanded the production capacity of new varieties of polyester and cotton.

Since the mid-1970s, the city’s cotton textile industry has adopted new high-speed and high-efficiency technologies. The 24 items of cotton textile innovations issued by the Ministry of Textile Industry are the content of the two high-speed (high-speed drawing, high-efficiency carding) and two (large drafting) , Large package) as the focus, comprehensively carry out technological transformation, free up workshops, and expand production capacity. All cotton textile mills pay attention to improving the production capacity of single machines, adopting high-yield carding machines, high-speed draw frames, high-speed warping machines, high-speed looms, etc.; popularize the application of automatic cotton picking machines, spinning electric doffing machines, and spinning machines. Equipment and cloth inspection machine five automatics, etc.; at the same time, the card can be changed from 10 o'clock to 24 traces to implement large roving and spun yarn forming. By increasing the package capacity, labor production, efficiency, and labor are saved; The anti-hunting device of the cloth machine makes the hundred feet of the twill fabric be stunned by about 80%; the gears that are prone to more serious wear are replaced with nylon, which prolongs the service life, saves electricity and reduces noise. As the city’s cotton textile industry has promoted the technological innovation achievements of the national textile system, tapped the potential of enterprise equipment and sites, added a large number of new spindles, achieved half of the investment and one-third of the time compared with the new factory, and made the factory automation and mechanization. The degree has generally increased. Shijiazhuang No. 1 to No. No. 6 cotton textile mills have increased the number of spindles by 92,200 spindles through the promotion of innovations, the production capacity has increased by 21.44%, and the annual output of 131,300 cotton yarns.

Since the 1980s, the city’s cotton textile industry has transformed more than 5,400 sets of 44? cheek cloth machines into 47? muscle? 52? muscle? 55? sizing looms, and correspondingly transformed sizing machines and reed machines. For the wide width, the warping machine was updated to expand the production capacity of wide fabrics and chemical fiber products. Only the Shijiazhuang No. 2 Cotton Textile Mill's narrow cloth machine was transformed into a wide cloth machine, and the annual increase in foreign exchange was It reached 7.41 million US dollars, an increase of 84% compared to before the renovation. While transforming the narrow-width looms, the city’s cotton textile industry has added more than 1,800 wide-width looms, imported 176 foreign advanced air-jet looms, 30 rapier looms, and 64 projectile looms. The export proportion has increased to more than 65%. Open-end spinning is a new type of spinning technology that developed rapidly in the 1980s. The diene process is short, and the production efficiency is about 4 times that of ring spinning per spindle. It is very suitable for spinning 16 Production of low-count yarns below the count. The city's cotton textile industry has introduced more than 20 air-jet spinning machines from West Germany and other countries, which have been used in production and have received good results. The cotton textile mills have also introduced some advanced foreign spinning single machines, installed a batch of combing equipment, improved product quality and grade, increased variety of patterns, and enhanced resilience. In 1980, Shijiazhuang No. 6 Cotton Textile Mill completed the equipment and technical transformation of 8,828 spindles of medium and long fibers, and developed and produced wool-like fabrics. In the same year, Shijiazhuang No. 7 Cotton Textile Factory invested more than 5 million yuan to build a finishing workshop with an annual processing capacity of 10 million meters, and installed a line of polyester-cotton finishing equipment. By the mid-1980s, a plant with an annual processing capacity of 15 million meters had been built. After finishing production line, the products include chemical fiber yarn, yarn dyed yarn, yarn dyed fabric and decorative cloth, etc., which are exported to more than 20 countries and regions such as Japan, the Soviet Union and Kuwait. The factory has now become a self-spinning, self-dyeing The all-round yarn-dyed factory that produces yarn, self-woven fabrics, self-finishing, and dyeing grey fabrics is the main manufacturer of yarn-dyed export products in Hebei Province. In 1985, Shijiazhuang No. 2 Cotton Textile Mill expanded its export capacity and improved product competitiveness by expanding its polyester filament imitation fabric production line and introducing Swiss Sulzer Luti PV153 meter shuttle loom, Benninger 020-F2 －1800 warping machine, Uster warp tying machine, West German Zuke sizing machine and parallel shaft machine, and equipped with domestic sizing machine, loom, cloth inspection machine, etc. After completion, due to market changes, the production of pure cotton narrow-width decorative fabrics and extra-wide decorative fabrics for processing and exporting by the tourism-use fabric printing and dyeing plant fills the gap in the domestic market. It has strong competitiveness in the international market and can earn 325 foreign exchange annually. Ten thousand yuan.

Second, the production process changed

(1) Spinning process improvement

1. The Shijiazhuang No. 6 and No. No. 7 cotton textile mills changed the double-pass cleaning machine to one-pass, which improved the uniformity of the lap; the disc grabbing machine was adopted to automatically blend cotton instead of manual blending, which increased the effect of uniform opening and mixing , Improve cotton uniformity, save labor, reduce labor intensity of workers; In order to solve the problem of stickiness caused by chemical fiber static electricity, researched and developed and applied the cotton cleaning process of spinning chemical fiber; Rake cotton blending was changed to airflow blending , Diene reduces the floor space and is convenient for cleaning and maintenance; for the raw cotton with high sugar content, the pretreatment process is adopted, that is, the raw cotton is mechanically loosened in the cotton box, and then evenly wetted, and then packaged and stacked to maintain a certain temperature. It can also be treated with an aqueous solution of saccharification enzyme to solve the problem of adhesion during spinning.

2. In the carding process, the cylinder and doffer of the carding machine use metal card clothing instead of elastic card clothing; increase the capacity of the sliver canister, increase the can diameter from 225 mm to 600 mm, and the height of 900 mm; in the licker cover, tin The Linddorf triangle and the doffer cover equipment have 3 dust collection points to reduce the amount of dust in the air. After these adjustments, to improve the carding doffer speed and production efficiency, and reduce the slub yarn? Yan Yan stirs private shrimp and rose noodles?

3. The drafting mechanism was improved for the coarse process, and the original four-on-four-down incremental drafting of the 1242 draw frame was changed to three-on-four-fold curve drafting; the A272A high-speed draw frame was adopted, and the drafting frame adopts spring swing arms. Pressurize, increase the speed of the front roller, and improve the evenness of the evenness.

4. After the spinning process, the weight of the big iron roller on the roller is changed to a magnetic big iron roller to improve the yarn evenness; the NFR-878 rubber roller with high elasticity, low hardness and small sleeve difference is adopted to appropriately reduce the pressure of the front roller to form yarn The evenness CV% value can be reduced by 0.5-1%, and the blackboard evenness is also significantly improved; the advanced SKF drafting device is adopted to reduce yarn defects and improve the cotton yarn evenness quality.

(2) Improvement of weaving process

1. The warping process adopts the new electronic yarn clearer technology to solve the problem of more slubs in polyester-cotton yarn; according to the characteristics of polyester-cotton yarn with high static electricity and easy fuzzing, the speed of the grooved drum is reduced from 3000 to 3200 rpm of pure cotton to Within 2700 rpm.

2. In the sizing process, in order to make the sizing uniform and solve the problem of fuzzing, the synthetic rubber microporous nude squeezing shaft is used, and the sizing roller wrapped towel and white cloth are eliminated; in the polyester-cotton blended fabric, PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) chemistry was widely used in the 70s Slurry to replace the original starch slurry. In the 1980s, in order to solve the problem of higher PVA prices, PVA and LCAS (Acetic Anhydride Modified Starch) mixed slurry were used.

3. The weaving process canceled the weft wetting process. In order to reduce the weft shrinkage of the fabric, the shuttle box tightness and the shuttle force were adjusted; on the 1511 type 44? Thistle?, successfully weaving 70-76? The production process of woven double-width cloth; in order to adapt to the weaving of high-density poplin fabrics and polyester-cotton fine textiles, the cloth machine adopts a new technology: the single tread plate is changed to a double tread plate plain weave opening device, and the tread plate is changed from X type to S type. The 45×45 fine spinning process is changed from two pieces of four-row healds to two pieces of eight-row healds, which reduces friction and broken ends, and changes the temples to fine-barbed iron roller temples.

3. Scientific research results and new technology application

From the founding of the People’s Republic of China to 1957, the cotton textile industry in Shijiazhuang City carried out technological innovation and rationalization suggestion activities, and completed some small reform projects. Since 1958, various cotton textile factories in the city have successively established scientific research institutions, actively carried out scientific research activities, and achieved some major scientific research results, which promoted the development of cotton textile production.

The manual operation of the turner in the spinning and clearing process is the largest labor intensity of the doffing puller. In 1960, the Shijiazhuang No. 5 Cotton Textile Factory successfully developed the 1070 single-pass cleaning machine automatic doffing device. After continuous improvement, labor intensity was reduced. It has been promoted and applied since the 1960s.

From the 1960s to the mid-1970s, Shijiazhuang No. 2 and No. 3 Cotton Textile Mills successively developed fully automatic drawing-in machines, automatic tying machines, cloth machine anti-hunting devices, cloth machine shuttle carriages, cloth machine wallboard boring Hole machine, cloth machine, bearing hoisting heald reel, program-controlled wrapping machine, electronic yarn clearer, warping machine cleaner, slot car seat car, ply doffing machine, spinning doffing machine, spinning magnetic pressure, spinning Large drafting, spinning electric twisting roller, spinning doffing three automatics, threading three automatics, roving double aprons, air-jet cloth machine, sizing automatic doffing device, winder automatic beater, combing and roughing A large number of scientific research results such as the use of photoelectric automatic stop devices on the package and large forming, carding and drawing frames and fine yarn machines, the cleaning machine for the upper and lower spinning rollers, and the air flow cotton distribution. These results are all applied in production and improved production The technology and operation methods have improved production efficiency, increased product output and quality, and strongly promoted the development of cotton textile production in the city.

In 1975, Shijiazhuang No. 3 Cotton Textile Factory developed the JSB-16 electronic length counter for cloth machines, which was promoted and applied in the cotton textile industry in the city. In the same year, Shijiazhuang No. 2 Cotton Textile Mill and Hebei Institute of Technology successfully trial-produced the cloth machine laser automatic guided tour carriage, which was used in production and improved production efficiency. In the same year, the Shijiazhuang No. 1 Cotton Textile Mill cooperated with the Department of Physics of Hebei Normal University to complete an electronic computer installation for 1 parking space (24 sets) of the cloth machine. In 1977, Shijiazhuang No. 3 Cotton Textile Factory successfully developed a double-disc knock-down electric doffing machine in the province. This machine is superior to the old doffing machine in terms of traveling speed, yarn pulling rate, tube intubation rate and end breakage rate. Due to its advanced technology, it is recommended to participate in the National Textile Technology Experience Exchange held by the Ministry of Textile Industry in Shanghai.